Socio-Economic and Political Determinants of ‘Japa’ Syndrome: The Emergent Plight and Flight of the Productive Nigerian Youth

Abstract

The current youth migration in Nigeria, often colloquially referred to as “Japa Syndrome” in Nigeria, has become a significant socio-economic phenomenon with far-reaching implications for both individuals and society. This study investigates determining factors driving Japa syndrome type of migration among Nigerian youths. The study adopted an exploratory research design and a qualitative method. The study utilized that convenience sampling method to select 40 people whose ages were between 18 and 35 years. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews and thematically analyzed. The findings reveal a complex interplay of economic, social, political, and transnational factors shaping migration decisions among Nigerian youths. Economic factors, including high unemployment rates, stagnant wages, and limited job opportunities, emerged as primary push factors prompting migration, while social factors such as educational attainment, family background, and peer influence also played crucial roles. Moreover, political instability and governance failures were identified as contributing factors driving youths to seek opportunities abroad. Base on the findings, the study proposes a series of policy recommendations to address the socioeconomic determinants of Japa Syndrome migration among Nigerian youths.